固定总价合同下建筑工程多因素激励合同的设计

立足于承包、发包双方的收益,结合固定总价合同的特点,从质量一工期交换关系出发,把工期作为激励因子,质量作为约束条件,整合到一个模型中．考虑使用固定总价合同时,通过建立主从递阶决策激励模型,对招标、投标双方的收益进行优化,使得承包、发包双方都能达到最好收益．     

A systematic literature review on intelligent automation: Aligning concepts from theory,practice, and future perspectives

With the recent developments in robotic process automation (RPA) and artificial intelligence (AI), academics and industrial practitioners are now pursuing robust and adaptive decision making (DM) in real-life engineering applications and automated business workflows and processes to accommodate context awareness, adaptation to environment and customisation. The emerging research via RPA, AI and soft computing offers sophisticated decision analysis methods, data-driven DM and scenario analysis with regard to the consideration of decision choices and provides benefits in numerous engineering applications. The emerging intelligent automation (IA) – the combination of RPA, AI and soft computing – can further transcend traditional DM to achieve unprecedented levels of operational efficiency, decision quality and system reliability. RPA allows an intelligent agent to eliminate operational errors and mimic manual routine decisions, including rule-based, well-structured and repetitive decisions involving enormous data, in a digital system, while AI has the cognitive capabilities to emulate the actions of human behaviour and process unstructured data via machine learning, natural language processing and image processing. Insights from IA drive new opportunities in providing automated DM processes, fault diagnosis, knowledge elicitation and solutions under complex decision environments with the presence of context-aware data, uncertainty and customer preferences. This sophisticated review attempts to deliver the relevant research directions and applications from the selected literature to the readers and address the key contributions of the selected literature, IA’s benefits, implementation considerations, challenges and potential IA applications to foster the relevant research development in the domain.     

Hierarchical control for cornering stability of dual-motor RWD vehicles with electronic differential system using PSO optimized SOSMC method

This paper proposes a novel control scheme with a three-layer hierarchical structure to improve the cornering stability of the dual-motor rear-wheel drive (RWD) vehicles with the electronic differential system (EDS). The proposed hierarchical structure for the control system includes the observing layer, control layer, and actuation layer. In the observing layer, the driver model is designed to obtain the nominal steering angle, and the state observer is designed to obtain the yaw angle which cannot be easily measured. Then, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and second order sliding mode control (SOSMC) are employed in the control layer. The SOSMC part is used to design the control law to eliminate the chattering problem in the sliding mode algorithm, and the PSO part is used to obtain the optimal weights in the sliding mode surface to meet the minimum sideslip angle error and yaw rate error. The actuation layer allocates the corrected yaw moment by distributing the driving force to each independent driving wheel. Finally, the numerical tests are carried out under the double line change (DLC) maneuver. The results show that the proposed control system can effectively improve the cornering stability of the dual-motor RWD vehicles and reduce their motor power consumption.     

尺度自适应结构输出目标跟踪算法

针对目标尺度明显变化时采用固定尺度的结构输出目标跟踪算法容易出现跟踪失败的问题,提出一种改进的尺度自适应目标跟踪算法。新算法在传统结构输出跟踪算法基础上,将目标运动信息引入候选样本采集过程,通过自举滤波器的状态转移模型预测目标的当前位置和尺度,生成一组多尺度候选样本集,避免了固定尺度的密集均匀采样,实现尺度自适应的同时降低了算法的计算量。实验结果表明,所提算法在目标发生明显尺度变化、部分遮挡以及旋转等情况下具有较高的鲁棒性,且实时性相比于传统结构输出跟踪算法明显提高。     

基于改进SBF模型的类比设计过程研究

类比设计是利用已有系统的问题解决方案或过程解决相似系统目标问题的创新设计方法。知识表征是类比设计的重要环节,为类比源检索和类比映射提供基础。针对结构-行为-功能(SBF)模型的不足,提出了改进的SBF建模规则,以更合理地表征设计知识。在此基础上,提出功能相似匹配和行为相似匹配的类比源检索方法,及以行为和结构映射为核心的4种类比映射路径,从而形成系统化的类比设计过程模型。该方法有助于设计者扩展设计空间,提高产品创新设计的效率。最后,以双导梁式架桥机的改进设计为例,验证上述研究的可用性和有效性。     

Q235钢板对平头弹抗侵彻特性研究

为分析靶体结构对其抗侵彻特性的影响,利用轻气炮进行平头杆弹正撞击单层板和等厚接触式三层板的实验,获取相关的撞击过程图片.通过撞击实验,得到这两种结构靶体的初始-剩余速度曲线以及弹道极限,撞击速度为190~450 m/s.研究靶体结构对抗侵彻特性的影响,包括靶板的失效模式和抗侵彻性能.最后,采用ABAQUS/EXPLICIT软件对杆弹撞击金属板的过程进行数值模拟研究,通过对比数值模拟和实验结果,验证了数值模拟材料模型和参数的有效性.结果表明:多层板的弹道极限高于等厚单层板,并且多层板和单层板的主要失效模式之间存在差异.对于多层板,靶板失效模式与其在靶中位置相关.     

高性能双组分环氧树脂浇注体系的热性能研究

为不降低环氧树脂的力学性能和热性能而实现增韧,近年来人们又发展了用耐热性高和力学性能良好的热塑性树脂增韧环氧树脂。采用聚芳醚酮树脂（ PAEK ）粉末为改性剂,制备高性能双组分环氧树脂材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜（ SEM ）和热重/差热分析仪对材料的脆断断口形貌和碎末进行了观察与分析。结果表明,纯环氧树脂的升温DSC曲线表现为放热反应,而环氧树脂共混体系的升温DSC曲线表现为吸热反应;同时PAEK粉末的加入显著提高了环氧树脂浇注体系的热分解温度,提高了其热稳定性。 SEM分析结果表明,PAEK粉末的加入,提高了基体材料的韧性。     

Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of Cr2AlB2 powders and the effect of high-temperature oxidation

The electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing properties of Cr₂AlB₂ powders and those after high-temperature oxidation were investigated. Coupling of magnetic and dielectric loss enables Cr₂AlB₂ with good absorption properties. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value is −44.9 dB at 8.5 GHz with a thickness of 2.7 mm, and the optimized effective absorption bandwidth (E_AB) is 4.4 GHz (13.0-17.4 GHz) with a thickness of 1.6 mm. After oxidation at 750, 900, and 1000°C for 2 h, the minimum RL values, respectively, are −23.9 dB (17.5 GHz, 1.5 mm), −41.4 dB (16.5 GHz, 1.5 mm), and −39.5 dB (8.0 GHz, 3.0 mm); and the corresponding E_AB values, respectively, are 3.8 GHz (13.6-17.4 GHz, 1.7 mm), 4.1 GHz (13.5-17.6 GHz, 1.6 mm), and 4.4 GHz (13.0-17.4 GHz, 1.7 mm). With an absorber thickness of 1.5-4.0 mm, the E_AB with a RL value of less than −10 dB can be tuned in a broad-frequency range 5.0-18.0 GHz, which basically covers C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), and Ku (12-18 GHz) bands. These results demonstrate that Cr₂AlB₂, as a high-efficient and oxidation-resistant absorber, is a promising candidate for microwave absorption applications and can retain good EM wave absorbing properties after high-temperature oxidation.     

方管冲孔工艺分析与模具设计

通过对密集架传统加工工艺的分析,提出了采用方管冲孔的加工工艺,并对各种加工方案进行论证,采取只有凸模的无凹模冲孔方式,介绍了方管冲孔模的结构和设计要点。通过试验确定了合理的凸模刃口形状,冲出的零件毛刺极小,产品断面平整光滑。     

喷射成形镍基高温合金热变形特性及微观组织变化

采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机对喷射成形 热等静压制备的镍基高温合金,在变形温度1050-1140 ℃,应变速率0.01-10.0 s-1,工程应变量50%的条件下进行了热压缩实验.利用实验数据建立了合金的热加工图和热激活能图,对变形过程中组织演化进行了研究.结果表明,热等静压并没有使喷射成形高温合金晶粒尺寸明显长大.真应力-应变曲线出现了屈服降落现象;合金热加工图失稳区出现在温度区间1050-1110 ℃,应变速率0.01 s-1处;在1110-1140 ℃,应变速率1.0-10.0 s-1区间功率耗散值(η)出现最大值;在1140 ℃,应变速率1.0-10.0 s-1区间激活能出现一个小平台区.在变形温度1110-1140 ℃、应变速率1.0-10.0 s-1、变形量50%的条件下,可得到完全再结晶组织,该变形条件与热加工图中功率耗散最大值所在区间和激活能图中小平台区所在区间相对应.